Grids
Grid systems are used for creating responsive page layouts through a series of rows and columns that house your content. Here's how the Limestone grid system works:
- Rows must be placed within a
.container-fluid
for proper alignment and padding. - Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.
- Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
- Predefined grid classes like
.row
and.col-xs-4
are available for quickly making grid layouts. - Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via
padding
. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on.row
s. - Grid columns are created by specifying the number of twelve available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use three
.col-xs-4
.
Look to the examples for applying these principles to your code.
Grid options
See how aspects of the Limestone grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.
Extra small devices Phones |
Small devices Some phones / Tablets |
Medium devices Some tablets/Desktops |
Large devices
Desktops |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Grid behavior | Horizontal at all times | Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints | ||
Class prefix |
.col-xs-
|
.col-sm-
|
.col-md-
|
.col-lg-
|
Grid classes apply to devices with screen widths greater than or equal to the breakpoint sizes, and override grid classes targeted at smaller devices. Therefore, applying any
.col-md-
class to an element will not only affect its styling on medium devices but also on large devices if a
.col-lg-
class is not present.
Example: Stacked-to-horizontal
Using a single set of
.col-md-*
grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns in any
.row
.
.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-1.col-md-8.col-md-4.col-md-4.col-md-4.col-md-4.col-md-6.col-md-6
Example: Mobile and desktop
Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding
.col-xs-*
.col-md-*
to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.
.col-xs-12 .col-md-8.col-xs-6 .col-md-4.col-xs-6 .col-md-4.col-xs-6 .col-md-4.col-xs-6 .col-md-4.col-xs-6.col-xs-6
Example: Mobile, tablet, desktops
Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet
.col-sm-*
classes.
.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8.col-xs-6 .col-md-4.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4
Responsive column resets
With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a
.clearfix
and our
responsive utility classes.
Resize your viewport or check it out on your phone for an example.
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
Offsetting columns
Move columns to the right using
.col-md-offset-*
classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by
*
columns. For example,
.col-md-offset-4
moves
.col-md-4
over four columns.
.col-md-4.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3
Nesting columns
To nest your content with the default grid, add a new
.row
and set of
.col-md-*
columns within an existing
.col-md-*
column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12.
Level 1: .col-md-9Level 2: .col-md-6Level 2: .col-md-6
Column ordering
Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with
.col-md-push-*
and
.col-md-pull-*
modifier classes.
.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9
Colour
Primary colours
Contextual colours (alerts, labels, buttons, etc.)
#1B8724
#007FA6
#b85d0d
#bc2b25
Typography
Font family
Limestone uses the Open Sans font family by Google for all elements. Open Sans is the default web font for U of S websites.
Scale
Too many type sizes can mess up any project so we use a strict typographic scale: 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 36, 45, 54, 72. All elements live within this scale.
Headings
All HTML headings, <h1>
through <h6>
, are available. .h1
through .h6
classes are also available, for when you want to match the font styling of a heading but still want your text to be displayed inline.
h1. Heading level 1
h2. Heading level 2
h3. Heading level 3
h4. Heading level 4
h5. Heading level 5
h6. Heading level 6
Create lighter, secondary text in any heading with a generic <small>
tag or the .small
class.
h1. Heading Secondary text
h2. Heading Secondary text
h3. Heading Secondary text
h4. Heading Secondary text
h5. Heading Secondary text
h6. Heading Secondary text
Page title
Add .uofs-page-title
to a heading to use it as a page title.
Page title
Body copy
Limestone's global default font-size
is 16px, with a line-height
of 1.5. This is applied to the <body>
and all paragraphs. In addition, <p>
(paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of their computed line-height (24px by default).
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.
...
Lead body copy
Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead
.
Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.
Emphasis
Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.
Small text
For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the <small>
tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own font-size
for nested <small>
elements.
You may alternatively use an inline element with .small
in place of any <small>
This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.
Bold
For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.
The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.
Italics
For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.
The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.
Alignment classes
Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.
Left aligned text.
Center aligned text.
Right aligned text.
Emphasis classes
Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes. These may also be applied to links and will darken on hover just like our default link styles.
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.
Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Abbreviations
Stylized implementation of HTML's <abbr>
element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a title
attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover.
Basic abbreviation
For expanded text on long hover of an abbreviation, include the title
attribute with the <abbr>
element.
An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.
Initialism
Add .initialism
to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.
HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.
Blockquotes
For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.
Default blockquote
Wrap <blockquote>
around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a <p>
.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Naming a source
Add <small>
tag or .small
class for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <cite>
.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Someone famous in Source Title
Alternate displays
Use .pull-right
for a floated, right-aligned blockquote.
...
Lists
Unordered
A list of items in which the order does not explicitly matter.
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
- Consectetur adipiscing elit
- Integer molestie lorem at massa
Ordered
A list of items in which the order does explicitly matter.
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
- Consectetur adipiscing elit
- Integer molestie lorem at massa
Unstyled
Remove the default list-style
and left margin on list items. This only applies to immediate children list items, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
- Consectetur adipiscing elit
- Integer molestie lorem at massa
Inline
Place all list items on a single line with display: inline-block;
and some light padding.
- Lorem ipsum
- Phasellus iaculis
- Nulla volutpat
Description
A list of terms with their associated descriptions.
- Description lists
- A description list is perfect for defining terms.
- Euismod
- Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
- Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
- Malesuada porta
- Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Horizontal description
Make terms and descriptions in <dl>
line up side-by-side. Starts off stacked like default <dl>
s, but when the viewport expands, so do these.
Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column with text-overflow
. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.
- Description lists
- A description list is perfect for defining terms.
- Euismod
- Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
- Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
- Malesuada porta
- Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
- Felis euismod semper eget lacinia
- Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.
- ...
Tables
Basic example
For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class .table
to any <table>
. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Homer | Simpson | @homer |
2 | Marge | Simpson | @marge |
3 | Waylon | Smithers | @smithers |
... |
---|
... |
Striped rows
Use .table-striped
to add zebra-striping to any table row within the <tbody>
.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Homer | Simpson | @homer |
2 | Marge | Simpson | @marge |
3 | Waylon | Smithers | @smithers |
... |
---|
... |
Bordered table
Add .table-bordered
for borders on all sides of the table and cells.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Homer | Simpson | @homer |
2 | Marge | Simpson | @marge |
3 | Waylon | Smithers | @smithers |
... |
---|
... |
Hover rows
Add .table-hover
to enable a hover state on table rows within a <tbody>
.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Homer | Simpson | @homer |
2 | Marge | Simpson | @marge |
3 | Waylon | Smithers | @smithers |
... |
---|
... |
Condensed table
Add .table-condensed
to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Homer | Simpson | @homer |
2 | Marge | Simpson | @marge |
3 | Waylon | Smithers | @smithers |
... |
---|
... |
Responsive tables
Create responsive tables by wrapping any .table
in .table-responsive
to make them scroll horizontally up to small devices (under 768px). When viewing on anything larger than 768px wide, you will not see any difference in these tables.
# | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
2 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
3 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
... ...
Forms
Basic example
Individual form controls automatically receive some global styling. All textual <input>
, <textarea>
, and <select>
elements with .form-control
are set to width: 100%;
by default. Wrap labels and controls in .form-group
for optimum spacing.
Inline form
Add .form-inline
to your <form>
for left-aligned and inline-block controls. This only applies to forms within viewports that are at least 768px wide.
Requires custom widths
Inputs, selects, and textareas are 100% wide by default in Limestone. To use the inline form, you'll have to set a width on the form controls used within.
Always add labels
Screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don't include a label for every input. For these inline forms, you can hide the labels using the .sr-only
class.
Horizontal form
Use Limestone's predefined grid classes to align labels and groups of form controls in a horizontal layout by adding .form-horizontal
to the form. Doing so changes .form-group
s to behave as grid rows, so no need for .row
.
Supported controls
Examples of standard form controls supported in an example form layout.
Inputs
Most common form control, text-based input fields. Includes support for all HTML5 types: text
, password
, datetime
, datetime-local
, date
, month
, time
, week
, number
, email
, url
, search
, tel
, and color
.
Type declaration required
Inputs will only be fully styled if their type
is properly declared.
Input groups
To add integrated text or buttons before and/or after any text-based <input>
, check out the input group component.
Textarea
Form control which supports multiple lines of text. Change rows
attribute as necessary.
Checkboxes and radios
Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list while radios are for selecting one option from many.
Default (stacked)
Inline checkboxes
Use .checkbox-inline
or .radio-inline
class to a series of checkboxes or radios for controls appear on the same line.
Selects
Use the default option, or add multiple
to show multiple options at once.
Static control
When you need to place plain text next to a form label within a horizontal form, use the .form-control-static
class on a <p>
.
Form states
Provide feedback to users or visitors with basic feedback states on form controls and labels.
Input focus
We remove the default outline
styles on some form controls and apply a box-shadow
in its place for :focus
.
Disabled inputs
Add the disabled
attribute on an input to prevent user input and trigger a slightly different look.
Disabled fieldsets
Add the disabled
attribute to a <fieldset>
to disable all the controls within the <fieldset>
at once.
Link functionality of <a>
not impacted
This class will only change the appearance of <a class="btn btn-default">
buttons, not their functionality. Use custom JavaScript to disable links here.
Cross-browser compatibility
While Limestone will apply these styles in all browsers, Internet Explorer 9 and below don't actually support the disabled
attribute on a <fieldset>
. Use custom JavaScript to disable the fieldset in these browsers.
Validation states
Limestone includes validation styles for error, warning, and success states on form controls. To use, add .has-warning
, .has-error
, or .has-success
to the parent element. Any .control-label
, .form-control
, and .help-block
within that element will receive the validation styles.
Control sizing
Set heights using classes like .input-lg
, and set widths using grid column classes like .col-lg-*
.
Height sizing
Create larger or smaller form controls that match button sizes.
Column sizing
Wrap inputs in grid columns, or any custom parent element, to easily enforce desired widths.
Help text
Block level help text for form controls.
Buttons
Options
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
Sizes
Fancy larger or smaller buttons? Add .btn-lg
, .btn-sm
, or .btn-xs
for additional sizes.
Create block level buttons—those that span the full width of a parent— by adding .btn-block
.
Active state
Buttons will appear pressed (with a darker background, darker border, and inset shadow) when active. For <button>
elements, this is done via :active
. For <a>
elements, it's done with .active
. However, you may use .active
<button>
s should you need to replicate the active state progammatically.
Button element
No need to add :active
as it's a pseudo-class, but if you need to force the same appearance, go ahead and add .active
.
Anchor element
Add the .active
class to <a>
buttons.
Disabled state
Make buttons look unclickable by fading them back 50%.
Button element
Add the disabled
attribute to <button>
buttons.
Cross-browser compatibility
If you add the disabled
attribute to a <button>
, Internet Explorer 9 and below will render text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.
Anchor element
Add the .disabled
class to <a>
buttons.
We use .disabled
as a utility class here, similar to the common .active
class, so no prefix is required.
Link functionality not impacted
This class will only change the <a>
's appearance, not its functionality. Use custom JavaScript to disable links here.
Context-specific usage
While button classes can be used on <a>
and <button>
elements, only <button>
elements are supported within our nav and navbar components.
Button tags
Use the button classes on an <a>
, <button>
, or <input>
element.
Cross-browser rendering
As a best practice, we highly recommend using the <button>
element whenever possible to ensure matching cross-browser rendering.
Among other things, there's a Firefox bug that prevents us from setting the line-height
of <input>
-based buttons, causing them to not exactly match the height of other buttons on Firefox.
Images
Add classes to an <img>
element to easily style images in any project.
Cross-browser compatibility
Keep in mind that Internet Explorer 8 lacks support for rounded corners.
Icons
Font Awesome icon library New in 1.1.0 +
Limestone 1.2.0 includes the complete Font Awesome (4.7.0) icon and CSS library with 675 crisp, clean icons at your disposal.
Limestone 1.1.0 included Font Awesome (4.4.0). Check the documentation for specific icons to see if they are compatible with version 4.4.0
.uofs-icon library
Deprecated
The .uofs-icon
library is still available but deprecated as of 1.1.0. Any projects using 1.1.0 or greater should use the Font Awesome icons above.
How to use
All icons require an <i class="uofs-icon">
tag. Add the modifier class of the icon you want to use: class="uofs-icon uofs-icon-search"
. Place the following code in buttons, button groups for a toolbar, navigation, prepended form inputs...just about anywhere!
Helpers
Close icon
Use the generic close icon for dismissing content like modals and alerts.
Carets
Use carets to indicate dropdown functionality and direction.
Quick floats
Float an element to the left or right with a class. !important
is included to avoid specificity issues.
......
Not for use in navbars
To align components in navbars with utility classes, use .navbar-left
or .navbar-right
instead.
Center content blocks
Set an element to display: block
and center via margin
.
...
Clearfix
Clear the float
on any element with the .clearfix
class.
...
Showing and hiding content
Force an element to be shown or hidden (including for screen readers) with the use of .show
and .hidden
classes. These classes use !important
to avoid specificity conflicts, just like the quick floats. They are only available for block level toggling.
Furthermore, .invisible
can be used to toggle only the visibility of an element, meaning its display
is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document.
......
Screen reader content
Hide an element to all devices except screen readers with .sr-only
.
Skip to main content
Image replacement
Utilize the .text-hide
class to help replace an element's text content with a background image.
Custom heading
Spacing Classes New in 1.2.0
Limestone 1.2.0 introduces new CSS class for applying alternate spacing (margin/padding) to elements.The spacing class names are structured like so:.{shorthand for rule}{shorthand for direction}{shorthand for size}
Shorthand for rule | Shorthand for direction | Shorthand for size |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
Some examples:
.ptmd
- Padding Top Medium.mvlg
- Margin Vertical (top/bottom) Large.phn
- Padding Horizontal (right/left) None.mbsm
- Margin Bottom Small
Responsive spacing helpers
The spacing classes have the option of applying a postfix to the class name to allow spacing changes at different screen sizes.
Extra small devices Phones |
Small devices Some phones / Tablets |
Medium devices Some tablets/Desktops |
Large devices Desktops |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Class postfix |
-xs
|
-sm
|
-md
|
-lg
|
The responsive spacing classes apply to devices with screen widths greater than or equal to the breakpoint sizes, and override responsive spacing classes targeted at smaller devices. Therefore, applying any .{spacing_class}-md
class to an element will not only affect spacing on medium devices but also on large devices if a .{spacing_class}-lg
class is not present.
Responsive Utilities
For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device via media query. Also included are utility classes for toggling content when printed.
Try to use these on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation. Responsive utilities are currently only available for block and table toggling. Use with inline and table elements is currently not supported.
Available classes
Use a single or combination of the available classes for toggling content across viewport breakpoints.
Extra small devices Phones (<768px) | Small devices Tablets (≥768px) | Medium devices Desktops (≥992px) | Large devices Desktops (≥1200px) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
.visible-xs |
Visible | Hidden | Hidden | Hidden |
.visible-sm |
Hidden | Visible | Hidden | Hidden |
.visible-md |
Hidden | Hidden | Visible | Hidden |
.visible-lg |
Hidden | Hidden | Hidden | Visible |
.hidden-xs |
Hidden | Visible | Visible | Visible |
.hidden-sm |
Visible | Hidden | Visible | Visible |
.hidden-md |
Visible | Visible | Hidden | Visible |
.hidden-lg |
Visible | Visible | Visible | Hidden |
Print classes
Similar to the regular responsive classes, use these for toggling content for print.
Class | Browser | |
---|---|---|
.visible-print |
Hidden | Visible |
.hidden-print |
Visible | Hidden |